Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF GASTRO-RETENTIVE FLOATING TABLETS OF ENALAPRIL MALEATE AND LOSARTAN FOR ENHANCED BIOAVAILABILITY AND THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY

Rohit Jaimini — 2025-01-29

The objective of this study was to formulate and optimize gastro-retentive floating tablets of Enalapril Maleate and Losartan to enhance their bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. These drugs, commonly used in the management of hypertension and heart failure, suffer from limited solubility and rapid gastric emptying, which reduce their effectiveness. Gastro-retentive floating tablets were developed using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K4M) and guar gum as release-controlling agents, with sodium bicarbonate and citric acid as effervescent agents to ensure buoyancy. Twenty formulations were prepared using the direct compression method and evaluated for critical parameters, including hardness, friability, swelling index, floating lag time, total floating time, and in-vitro drug release.
Preformulation studies confirmed the compatibility of the drugs with excipients, with no chemical interactions detected using FTIR spectroscopy. The micrometric properties of the powder blends demonstrated excellent flowability and compressibility, ensuring suitability for tablet manufacturing. All formulations showed acceptable weight variation, hardness, and friability. The floating lag time ranged from 4.3 to 5.1 minutes, and total floating times exceeded 8 hours for all batches. Drug content ranged from 96.79% to 99.57%, reflecting uniformity and accuracy in dosing.
In-vitro dissolution studies revealed sustained release profiles, with optimized formulations achieving over 90% cumulative drug release within 12 hours. Batch F7 demonstrated the best overall performance, with a high swelling index, minimal floating lag time, prolonged floating duration, and consistent drug release. These findings indicate that gastro-retentive floating tablets of Enalapril Maleate and Losartan can effectively address challenges associated with poor bioavailability and rapid gastric emptying, offering a promising approach for improved therapeutic outcomes and patient compliance.

PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF KIGELIA PINNATA LINN LEAVES

Kalyani Kadam — 2025-02-27

Kigelia pinnata Linn. belongs to the family of Bignoniaceae and commonly called the "Sausage" tree because of its hugs fruits. This species of tree can reach 20 meters in height. Sausage like appearance with long cord like stalks. It also known as Balam Kheera in Hindi. This plant is commonly found throughout in western and southern India and a few species in the Himalayas. It is a large evergreen glabrous tree measuring 8-10 m in height, stem, and trunk straight with branches in all direction. Bark is thick black. The leaves are opposite, compound, with 3-5 pairs of leaflets plus a terminal leaflets oblong up to 6-10 cm, roughly hairy on both surfaces.
In experimental work pharmacognostic and phytochemical parameters was find out such as physicochemical, preliminary-phytochemical and quantitative estimation of primary metabolites. The results of this experimental work shows that taxonomic characters, identification and to differentiate closely related species. And also, to find out active phytochemicals for further use.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN QUERCETIN-LOADED NANOPARTICLES FOR CANCER TARGETING

Ranjan Kumar Singh — 2025-02-27

Quercetin, a dietary polyphenol, has demonstrated anticancer properties across several malignancies, including pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma. Quercetin is a naturally occurring bioflavonoid found in fruits, vegetables, seeds, berries, and tea. The cancer-preventive properties of quercetin are well established, attributed to its anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-angiogenic effects. Nonetheless, the inadequate water solubility and transport, chemical instability, brief half-life, and low bioavailability of quercetin restrict its therapeutic use in cancer chemoprevention. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing controlled and regulated drug delivery is crucial for developing innovative and effective therapeutics. To surmount the accessibility constraints of quercetin, it may be administered as nano-conjugated quercetin. Nano-conjugated quercetin has garnered significant interest owing to its regulated drug release, prolonged retention in tumors, improved anticancer efficacy, and potential for therapeutic application. This paper presents an overview of quercetin's effects on cancer cells and the mechanisms behind these actions. We also examine the prospective usage of nanoparticles as nanocarriers in medicine delivery systems. This review can summarize the recent developments in quercetin-loaded Nanoparticles for Cancer treatment.

A REVIEW ON THE ANTIULCER POTENTIAL OF VARIOUS HERBAL EXTRACT IN DIFFERENT ANIMAL MODELS

Jaseela KP — 2025-02-27

Ulcers, particularly peptic ulcers, remain a significant health issue worldwide, primarily caused by factors like stress, Helicobacter pylori infection, excessive use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and imbalances in gastric acid secretion. Although conventional medications like proton pump inhibitors and H2 antagonists are commonly used to treat ulcers, herbal remedies have garnered considerable attention due to their potential therapeutic benefits and minimal side effects. This review explores the antiulcer activity of various herbal extracts traditionally used in folk medicine. The bioactive compounds present in these herbs, including flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, etc have shown promising effects in promoting gastric mucosal healing, reducing acid secretion and protecting against oxidative stress and inflammation. Herbs like Aloe vera, Zingiber officinale, Nerium indicum, Carica papaya and Prunus persica have shown strong antiulcerogenic properties by mechanisms such as inhibiting gastric acid secretion, protecting the mucosa and boosting mucin production. Additionally, certain herbs possess antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, a key contributor to ulcer formation. Peptic ulcer disease can affect individuals of all ages, though it is more commonly seen in middle-aged adults and men. The prevalence of peptic ulcers has decreased in many parts of the world due to the use of antibiotics to treat H. pylori infections, though they remain common in certain populations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various herbal extracts, their pharmacological activities and their potential as effective antiulcer agents, emphasizing the need for further research and clinical trials to validate their efficacy and safety in ulcer treatment.

POLYMERIC NANO-CARRIERS FOR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS IN CANCER THERAPY - AN EXHAUSTIVE REVIEW

J Pavan Kumar — 2025-02-27

Progress in molecular pharmacology and a better comprehension of the mechanism of various diseases have necessitated the precise targeting of the cells responsible for initiating and advancing these diseases. This is particularly applicable to the majority of life-threatening illnesses that necessitate treatment medicines with multiple adverse effects. Therefore, precise tissue targeting is necessary to minimize systemic exposure. Modern drug delivery systems (DDS) are developed utilizing cutting-edge technology to expedite the administration of drugs across the body to a particular target area, optimizing the effectiveness of the treatment and reducing the buildup of drugs in unintended areas of the body. Consequently, they significantly impact the management and treatment of diseases. Modern drug delivery systems (DDS) provide significant advantages over traditional methods. These include improved performance, automation, precision, and efficacy. They consist of nanomaterials or miniaturized devices that comprise multifunctional components. These components are biocompatible, biodegradable, and possess high viscoelasticity, resulting in a longer circulating half-life. This article thoroughly examines the history and technological progress of medication delivery systems. The text provides an update on the latest advancements in drug delivery systems, including their therapeutic applications used in Cancer, their present obstacles, and potential future improvements for enhanced performance and utilization.